The oldest pattern in human history — conquest, comfort, collapse — may be running its course again, this time in Washington There is an old proverb, worn smooth by centuries of use in a dozen languages, that too many cooks spoil the broth. A companion saying, less quotable but truer, holds that there is never enough agreement to decide, but always enough to delay. And beneath both sits a harder observation, one that historians have been rediscovering in every collapsed empire from Rome to the Qing: when everyone is responsible, no one is responsible. Committees do not lose wars or empires. They simply fail to notice, in any timely manner, that they are losing them. This is not an argument against democracy so much as an argument about democracy's purpose. Shared rule buys legitimacy, flexibility, and the capacity to correct course without bloodshed — real advantages, and rare ones in the historical record. But it has always carried a cost: diffuse respons...
Empires do not collapse overnight. They fray at the edges, lose the habit of self-belief, and discover too late that the center cannot hold. The Long Arc of Governance Only one formal republic has survived more than a few centuries in the full sense of that word: San Marino, a city-state barely larger than Manhattan. The lesson is not that republics are fragile, but that they are demanding. They require citizens who are willing to subordinate private grievance to collective rule, and leaders who accept that the office is larger than the man who holds it. When either condition lapses, the republic does not necessarily end—it transforms, often into something unrecognizable. Cultures, by contrast, endure by absorbing change rather than resisting it. China offers the most instructive example: its governing structures have been overthrown and remade a dozen times across four millennia, yet a recognizable civilizational continuity persists. The lesson America ...